Women generally have a higher proportion of body fat and a lower proportion of water than men. Since alcohol is water-soluble and distributes throughout the body water, women may experience higher blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) than men of the same weight who consume the same amount of alcohol.
Women tend to metabolize alcohol more slowly than men. This is partly due to the lower activity of an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase in women's stomachs, which is responsible for breaking down alcohol.
Women may reach higher BAC levels than men when consuming the same amount of alcohol. This can lead to quicker and more pronounced effects, such as impaired coordination, cognitive function, and judgment.
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with various health risks for both men and women. However, women may be more susceptible to certain alcohol-related health issues, including liver disease, cardiovascular problems, and an increased risk of breast cancer.
Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can affect how alcohol is metabolized. Some studies suggest that women may be more sensitive to the effects of alcohol during certain phases of their menstrual cycle.
It's crucial for pregnant women to avoid alcohol completely, as it can harm the developing fetus and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Even small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can pose significant risks.
Women may be more susceptible to alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorder than men. Social, cultural, and psychological factors can contribute to the development of problematic drinking patterns.
Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Women may be more vulnerable to these effects, and alcohol can interact negatively with certain medications used to treat mental health conditions.